Chemical Safety Awareness Among Staff And Students In Secondary Schools In The State Of Penang

A study on chemical safety awareness among staff and students in secondary schools in Penang was conducted. Survey forms were given to staff and students in 20 chosen schools in all districts of Penang. The forms were collected safely. The surveys were done to determine the level of awareness and the elements that have the higher and lower awareness among staff and students. The awareness was tested using elements that involve laboratory management and chemical management, Personal Protective Equipments(PPE), safe procedure and practices, operational control methods, training and education, emergency and first aid, Chemical Safety Data Sheet, warning signs and recordkeeping

A holistic team approach (HTA) model to curb machinery accidents in power plants.

Machinery accidents have been an important aspect that needs proper attention in all work places in recent years especially power plants. A large number of accident cases have been reported from the year 2018 to 2022. Accident report from DOSH (Department of Safety and Health Malaysia) indicates that a significant number of machinery accident cases occur in power plants while PERKESO (Social Security Organisation Malaysia)has investigated and tabulated accidents based on area of workplace and injury. Research shows that most statistical studies do not comprise of a preventive model to curb machinery accidents, which involves employees and management. A model that comprises of Machinery or Area of work (M) and the type of injury (I) is identified and summed in a form of a scientific equation which results in the possible accident type (α) which is the accident occurred. A Holistic Team Approach (HTA) model is designed that involves a team for each element M and I which comprises of engineers, technicians and operators working in the same area of equipment and a management representative. Each team is assigned to specific accidents according to the M and I element and classified as α-combinations. Teams are sent for incident investigation where preventive actions and reporting are discussed. A decision analysis is performed based on the model that emphasizes two Process Safety Management (PSM) elements which are accident investigation and employee participation. The HTA model is able to reduce machinery accidents by involving the elements of machinery and injury types, which is applicable to workplaces worldwide

Scientific model development for machinery safety using machine reliability, integrity and availability.

Machines are equipment that increases productivity and efficiency in a workplace. Machine Reliability, Integrity, and Availability are the most critical factors to ensure machinery safety in a workplace. Throughout this study, a series of reviews of previous literature are described in relation to the elements of reliability, integrity and availability. This study examines the methods used to investigate levels of each element as well as the results of performing the analysis. Each review is chosen from the aspect of the safety feature that can be interpreted from the research study. A scientific model that utilizes an improved Bottom-up Approach is proposed to further improve the worker's safety and enhance the productivity of an industry. Research shows that the chosen reviews have positive and negative change towards the level of machinery safety and a more substantial approach is needed to further strengthen the issue. The proposed model combines the effort of employee and various management organization as a team. The model is validated using Bias- Variance Trade off method that analyses the proposed model in a 27MW power plant with a selection of employee and management. Model validation proves that the proposed model is an effective method to increase the machinery reliability, integrity and availability in a workplace. The scientific methodology provided will help management as a team to avert mechanical accidents from occurring at an initial stage

Scientific Model Development for Machinery Safety using Machine Reliability, Integrity and Availability

Introduction: Machines are equipment that increases productivity and efficiency in a workplace. Machine Reliability, Integrity, and Availability are the most critical factors to ensure machinery safety in a workplace. Methods: Throughout this study, a series of reviews of previous literature are described in relation to the elements of reliability, integrity and availability. This study examines the methods used to investigate levels of each element as well as the results of performing the analysis. Each review is chosen from the aspect of the safety feature that can be interpreted from the research study. A scientific model that utilizes an improved Bottom-up Approach is proposed to further improve the worker's safety and enhance the productivity of an industry. Results: Research shows that the chosen reviews have positive and negative change towards the level of machinery safety and a more substantial approach is needed to further strengthen the issue. The proposed model combines the effort of employee and various management organization as a team. The model is validated using Bias- Variance Trade off method that analyses the proposed model in a 27MW power plant with a selection of employee and management. Conclusion:  Model validation proves that the proposed model is an effective method to increase the machinery reliability, integrity and availability in a workplace. The scientific methodology provided will help management as a team to avert mechanical accidents from occurring at an initial stage

A Review of the Sustainable Utilization of Rice Residues for Bioenergy Conversion Using Different Valorization Techniques, Their Challenges, and Techno-Economic Assessment

[Abstract] The impetus to predicting future biomass consumption focuses on sustainable energy, which concerns the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels and the environmental challenges associated with fossil fuel burning. However, the production of rice residue in the form of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) has brought an array of benefits, including its utilization as biofuel to augment or replace fossil fuel. Rice residue characterization, valorization, and techno-economic analysis require a comprehensive review to maximize its inherent energy conversion potential. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the assessment of rice residue characterization, valorization approaches, pre-treatment limitations, and techno–economic analyses that yield a better biofuel to adapt to current and future energy demand. The pre-treatment methods are also discussed through torrefaction, briquetting, pelletization and hydrothermal carbonization. The review also covers the limitations of rice residue utilization, as well as the phase structure of thermochemical and biochemical processes. The paper concludes that rice residue is a preferable sustainable biomass option for both economic and environmental growth.S.K. would like to thank J.P. for providing guidance and funding for the research study through J510050002—IC—6— BOLDREFRESH2025—CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE from the iRMC of Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia. H.N.A. thanks the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) for the postdoctoral fellowship (ED 481B-2016/195-0, ED481D 2019/033). E.R.R. thanks the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education for providing staff, time, and support under the project “Support to Society”, to collaborate with researchers from Malaysia, Nigeria and SpainMalasia. Universiti Tenaga Nasional; J510050002–IC–6 BOLDREFRESH2025-CENTER OF EXCELLENCEXunta de Galicia; ED 481B-2016/195-0Xunta de Galicia; ED481D 2019/03

A review of the sustainable utilization of rice residues for bioenergy conversion using different valorization techniques, their challenges, and techno-economic assessment.

The impetus to predicting future biomass consumption focuses on sustainable energy, which concerns the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels and the environmental challenges associated with fossil fuel burning. However, the production of rice residue in the form of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) has brought an array of benefits, including its utilization as biofuel to augment or replace fossil fuel. Rice residue characterization, valorization, and techno-economic analysis require a comprehensive review to maximize its inherent energy conversion potential. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the assessment of rice residue characterization, valorization approaches, pre-treatment limitations, and techno–economic analyses that yield a better biofuel to adapt to current and future energy demand. The pre-treatment methods are also discussed through torrefaction, briquetting, pelletization and hydrothermal carbonization. The review also covers the limitations of rice residue utilization, as well as the phase structure of thermochemical and biochemical processes. The paper concludes that rice residue is a preferable sustainable biomass option for both economic and environmental growth